Old houses we love and live in are almost all distinguished by the pervasive use of plasterwork. Real plaster has a look, feel, acoustic properties and often rich decorative detail that just can't be copied by its modern cost cutting substitute--paper-faced, gypsum-filled wallboard, or drywall.
However over time plastered homes can develop cracks in the walls and ceilings. In these areas, the layers of plaster are pulling away from the underlying strips of wood lath which support it. No problem! Plaster work is easy to repair, even for the novice, with the a few simple tools, materials--and Charles Street Supply's plaster washers.
Tools and Materials:
■1-5/8" galvanized drywall screws
■Patching plaster
■Self-stick fiberglass mesh drywall tape
■Ready-mix drywall (joint) compound
■Drywall sanding screen or sandpaper stiff, narrow paint scraper or old chisel
■#2 screw driving bit
■Variable speed drill or screw gun, a cordless model is more convenient
■Safety glasses
■Dust mask
■Old container and stir stick for mixing patching plaster
■6" drywall taping knife
■Drywall sander or sanding block
Step 1: Remove any small, loose chunks of plaster. Reattach remaining loose plaster with plaster washers, spaced a few inches apart. To avoid cracking the plaster, drill pilot holes for the screws with a 1/8-in.-diam., carbide-tipped masonry bit. For large loose areas, install the washers in concentric rings, starting where the plaster is firmly attached and working in toward the loosest area in the middle.
■ Tip: To secure loose plaster along cracks, install the screws on both sides and about an inch away from the crack.
Step 2: Mist the area with water first to prevent the dry plaster and wood from drawing moisture out of the compound too quickly. Fill small holes with a setting-type joint compound (a powder that must be mixed with water) to almost level it with the surrounding area. Use a 5-inch taping knife to apply the compound in two stages, scratching the surface of the first coat so the next coat will bond better. For larger holes, cut a scrap of 3/8-in. or 1/2-in. drywall to fit the hole and fasten it with screws to the lath, then cover it with compound.
■ Tip: Mix the compound with water using a potato masher. It works well and cleans easily if you wash it off right away. Place a working supply of compound in a mud pan (a drywall specialty item) or a bread pan.
Step 3: After the patch dries, apply self-adhering Fiberglass reinforcing tape over the patched area and all cracks. Avoid overlapping the pieces of tape. Or you may embed paper drywall reinforcing tape in the compound immediately after applying it, and smooth with the taping knife.
Step 4: Apply two or three additional coats of compound, allowing complete drying between coats and feathering each coat over a wider area than the preceding one. Drying time varies according to the type of compound as well as with the humidity and the amount of ventilation.
Step 5: Use a pole sander, as shown, or a similar pad sander, with very fine (150-grit) sandpaper to smooth the compound after it has dried. (Compound will turn from gray when it's wet to bright white when it's dry.)
■Tip: Sagging Plaster: Sometimes you'll see plaster work in your house that seems sound--no holes or cracks--but it's sagging down from a ceiling or bulging out from the walls. It flexes when you push on it and sounds hollow when tapped. Here's how to handle it. With a gentle touch, determine the area of plaster that's become detached. Surround it with screws and washers, and additional circles inside that as required. For extra pulling and holding power, if needed, locate (using a stud detector) and anchor into the rafters or joists behind the plaster lath.
